Ganjam Field Unit, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Principal Investigator

Dr. D.K. Karna, Senior Scientist (AG&B)

Activity assigned and targets fixed for each activity during the period

The Ganjam goats remains in the field all the times. The unit has been given responsibility to improve the production and productivity of Ganjam goats. For this field data recording of on growth, reproduction, health and selection of superior bucks and implementation of technologies were main work assigned on to this Unit.

Performance recording on at least 600 breedable does under the coverage.
Selection of superior males at 9 month age and distribution to the registered farmers.
Provision of health coverage to the all goats of project with collaboration of AH Dept.

Activity carried out during the period

As per technical programme of field units.

Detailed Achievements

The Ganjam field unit located at OUA&T, Bhuvaneshwar had three village centres identified in different blocks of Ganjam district where the concentration of animals were high and response of farmers is encouraging. A total of three new villages Bharasa, D. Guhariapat and K. Guhariapat in the Khallikote centre were adopted. Gola community mostly rears Ganjam goats. The goats are migrated from one place to another in search of browsing materials.

Flock Statistics

�� The flock statistics of Ganjam field unit has been presented in Table 1. The Ganjam field unit had a closing balance of goats at Chattarpur, Rambhaand Khallikote centres was 2003, 1197 and 1674, respectively in the year 2013-14. The opening balance of Ganjam goats including all the centres was 8510 and closing balance was 9748 at the end of year. A total number of 980 kids were born in Chhatrapur centre followed by 722 numbers of kids at Rambha centre and 757 kids in Khallikote centre during the reporting period i.e. 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013. A total number of 936 kids were born in Chhatrapur centre followed by 722 numbers of kids at Rambha centre and 811 kids in Khallikote centre during the reporting period. The mortality in kids was 10.47 % during

the reporting period. A total of 912 un-castrated males and 872 females were sold from the population during the year.
Table1: Flock Statistics of Ganjam goats at different centres (2013–14)

Center	Sex	Opening Balance April 2013				Closing Balance March 2014
Center	Sex	0-3	3-12	Adult	Total	0-3	3-12	Adult	Total
Chhatrapur	M F T	76 70 146	269 240 509	95 1545 1640	440 1854 2294	62 63 125	229 150 379	96 1403 1499	387 1616 2003
Rambha	M F T	48 54 102	118 111 229	111 1106 1217	81 841 922	45 43 88	72 72 144	98 867 965	215 982 1197
Khallikote	M F T	72 73 145	203 196 399	90 1308 1398	365 1577 1942	69 58 127	160 128 288	73 1186 1259	302 1372 1674

Body Weight

The least squares means for growth and body weight has been presented in Table 2. The overall least squares means of body weight at birth 3, 6, 9 and 12 month of age were 2.41± 0.02kg, 7.48±0.05 kg, 9.90 ± 0.07kg, 14.49 ± 0.06 kg and 18.38 ± 0.07 kg, respectively. Males were found to be significantly heavier than female counterparts at all stages of growth. The effect of season of birth was found to be non-significant on the body weights at different ages. There has been considerable improvement in body weights at 9 and 12 months age in elite group. There was a significant increase of the body weight at 9 and 12 months of age in comparison of base population average.
Table 2: Least squares means for body weight (kg) in Ganjam goats

Year	Age group
Year	Birth	3 Month	6 Month	9 Month	12 Month
Overall	2.41±0.02	7.48±0.05	9.90±0.07	14.49±0.06	18.38± 0.07
Centres
Chhatrapur	2.66±0.04	7.16±0.08	10.22±0.10	14.46±0.09	18.40±0.12
Rambha	2.31±0.04	7.47±0.09	9.91±0.16	14.58±0.10	18.23±0.13
Khallikote	2.25±0.04	7.80±0.10	9.58±0.12	14.40±0.11	18.51±0.13

Milk Production

The average daily milk yield of Ganjam goats was 425.5±10.8 ml.

Reproduction

The reproductive performance has been presented in Table 3 and has been calculated on the basis of does available for breeding purpose. A total number of 3757 does were available for breeding during the years 2013-14 at different village centers out of which 2262 kidded. The kidding percentage of Ganjam goat was 60.02. This breed produced only single kids (2455) and there were 4 twins born in 2013-14.
Table 3: Reproductive performance of Ganjam goats

Parameters	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
No. of does available for breeding	3502	3683	3779	3757
No of does conceived	2377	2465	2480	2301
No. of does kidded	2342	2424	2459	2262
No. of kids Male	1169	1212	1219	1136
No. of kids Female	1173	1212	1240	1126
Type of birth (Single)	2338	2424	2455	2262
Abortion	35	41	21	39
Kidding percentage	66.87	65.81	65.07	60.20

The age at first kidding, wt. at first kidding, and kidding interval were 602.6, 20.4 and 314.3 days, respectively (Table 4). It is observed that the time interval between age at first heat and age at first kidding is about 185 days in Ganjam goats. The service period of Ganjam goats is longer compared to other contemporaries reared in this region. It is observed that the kidding interval of the Ganjam goats was also significantly longer. The longer service period has resulted in longer kidding interval in Ganjam goats.
Table 4: Reproductive Traits (Mean ±S.E.) of Ganjam goats

Parameters	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Age at first heat(day)	433.7±3.6	431.6±4.2	406.7±7.4	417.2±8.7
Age at first kidding (day)	624.2±3.9	619.3±4.0	611.4±6.3	602.6±7.8
Weight at first kidding (kg)	21.90±0.1	22.1±0.24	21.8±0.34	20.4±0.4
Kidding interval (day)	319.7±3.9	317.9±4.6	302.8±8.2	314.3±10.5

Health Management

Prophylactic measures were undertaken in the farmer’s flock. A total number of 10112 goats were dewormed and 5500 goats were vaccinated against FMD. A total number of 2312 goats were treated for different diseases in the project area by this field unit in the year 2013-14. The mortality percent in newborn kids was 10.47% under field conditions.

Socio-economic Profile

Ganjam goats are exclusively reared by Gola Community since generations. Study of socio-economic analysis indicated that most of the goat keepers (50%) had education up to upper secondary level. The average annual income of goat keepers was Rs. 45000 out of which 67 % income were from goat rearing occupation (Table 5) during the year 2013-14.

Table 5: Socio-economic profile of goat farmers in Ganjam district

Parameters	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2013-14
No. of villages	7	4	4	10
No. of farm families	42	42	40	53
No. of goats per farmer	70.86	87.14	--	3.84
Land holding	0.8	1.75	1.46	1.41
No. of family members	5.48	7.07	8.38	7.68
(a) Below primary (%)	32.61	77.7	72.0	72.5
(b) Up to UP (%)	53.04	15.4	26.6	23.52
(c) Above UP (%)	14.35	6.9	1.4	3.9
Av. Annual Income (Rs)	30,000	>36000	>38.000	>45,000
Av. Income from goat (%)	70.00	>60.00	>66.00	>67

Gaps/constraints/shortfalls/excess and reasons thereof, if any

The unit is working on a breed which remains in migration for about 6 months therefore pedigree and performance recording is a problem.

PC’s evaluation: very good (A) Good (B) poor (C).

--------------Good (B)------------

Future programme identifying the activities, timeline and targets for each of the activity

The Unit has to post qualified staff to the project area and implement the technical programme properly. The animal identification is to be done on priority. About 100 male kids are to be identified on the basis of type of birth and weaning weight and selected as future bucks for improvement of breed.

Remarks

�� The flock size maintained by the farmers range from 50 to 250 and a group of four to five farmers mix their goats taking a population ranging from 500 to 1200 which remain in the field. Although, pedigree and performance recording is bit difficult but the unit has to make efforts to implement technical programme of the project properly.